What condition is suspected in a patient after experiencing acute calf swelling and prolonged immobility during a flight?

The symptoms described—acute calf swelling and a history of prolonged immobility during a flight—are highly indicative of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Prolonged immobility, such as sitting for extended periods during a long flight, can lead to reduced blood flow in the veins of the legs, increasing the risk for venous thromboembolism.

DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, typically in the legs, leading to swelling, pain, and changes in skin color. The acute nature of the swelling in this situation further points to DVT, as it typically presents suddenly rather than gradually. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and acute presentation associated with DVT is crucial, particularly in contexts like air travel, where prolonged immobility is common.

While other conditions such as varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency can cause swelling in the legs, they usually develop over a longer period and are associated with different underlying mechanisms. Peripheral artery disease is more related to arterial circulation issues rather than venous issues, making DVT a more appropriate diagnosis given the acute presentation and risk factors involved.