What condition is the most common worldwide cause of lymphedema?

Filariasis is recognized as the most common worldwide cause of lymphedema. This condition is caused by parasitic infections, primarily due to filarial worms such as Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi, which are transmitted through mosquito bites. These parasites can obstruct the lymphatic vessels, leading to impaired lymphatic drainage and subsequent lymphedema.

The prevalence of filariasis is particularly high in tropical and subtropical regions where conditions are favorable for mosquito breeding and where public health measures may be limited. The resulting lymphedema can lead to significant morbidity and has a profound impact on individuals’ quality of life.

In contrast, while surgical disruption, venous hypertension, and diabetes may contribute to lymphedema in specific populations, they do not have the same global prevalence as filariasis. Surgical disruption typically relates to specific surgical procedures that may inadvertently damage lymphatic vessels. Venous hypertension is more commonly associated with chronic venous insufficiency, and diabetes can lead to secondary complications that may affect lymphatic function, but neither has the widespread direct impact on lymphedema globally as filariasis does.