What effect does valvular insufficiency and reflux have on ambulatory venous hypertension?

Valvular insufficiency and reflux significantly contribute to ambulatory venous hypertension due to the malfunction of the venous valves. When these valves fail to close properly, blood can flow backward (reflux) through the veins. This backward flow, combined with venous pressure during activities such as standing or walking, results in increased pressure within the venous system of the lower extremities.

As the pressure in the veins rises, it leads to ambulatory venous hypertension, which can manifest as pain, swelling, skin changes, or even more severe conditions like venous ulcers. The combination of gravity, prolonged standing, and the inefficiency of the valves exacerbates this situation, leading to higher venous pressures compared to a healthy venous system. Therefore, the presence of valvular insufficiency and reflux is directly linked to an increase in ambulatory venous hypertension.