What structures does the internal iliac vein give rise to?

The internal iliac vein is a crucial vessel in the venous drainage system of the pelvis. It primarily collects blood from the pelvic organs, gluteal region, and perineum. The structures that arise from the internal iliac vein include the pudendal vein, which drains blood from the external genitalia and perineum, and the hemorrhoidal complex, which consists of veins that drain the rectal area.

Thus, the correct answer highlights the specific venous branches that are associated with the internal iliac vein, focusing on the areas it serves. Understanding this anatomical relationship is vital for comprehending venous circulation in the pelvic region, especially in contexts such as diagnoses or surgical interventions related to pelvic venous congestion or hemorrhoids.

The other choices refer to structures not typically associated with the internal iliac vein. For example, the common femoral and renal veins stem from different anatomical regions and serve different venous drainage functions. Similarly, gonadal and inferior epigastric veins originate from distinct sources and have separate pathways in the body. The superficial and deep veins relate more to the lower extremities and do not arise from the internal iliac vein. Therefore, the pudendal and hemorrhoidal complex is the most accurate representation of