Which factor is associated with an increased risk of PTS?

The association between proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and an increased risk of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is well established in medical literature. Proximal DVT involves thrombosis occurring in the deeper veins of the thigh and pelvis, which can lead to significant venous complications. When a clot forms in these larger veins, there is a higher likelihood of damage to the venous valves and the surrounding venous structure during the thrombosis resolution process. This damage can disrupt normal venous return and lead to chronic symptoms characteristic of PTS, including leg swelling, pain, and skin changes.

In contrast, distal DVT typically involves the calf veins and is considered to be less likely to lead to PTS since it generally causes less damage to the venous system. Similarly, while female gender has been noted to have some risk factors associated with venous disorders, the evidence surrounding gender differences in PTS specifically is not as strong as that for proximal vs. distal DVT. Low D-Dimer levels are indicative of a lower presence of clotting activity, which means there is less risk of thrombosis complications and ultimately, lower likelihood of developing PTS compared to those with elevated D-Dimer values.

Thus, the recognition