Which of the following is NOT an ingredient in the tumescent anesthesia recipe?

The correct choice regarding the tumescent anesthesia recipe is that lidocaine is indeed an ingredient, so it is not the correct answer to the question asking for the ingredient that is NOT included.

Tumescent anesthesia is a technique commonly used in procedures such as liposuction, which allows for significant volumes of a dilute anesthetic solution to be infused into the subcutaneous tissue. This solution typically consists of lidocaine, which serves as the local anesthetic, providing pain relief during and after the procedure. Normal saline is added to dilute the solution, helping with the volume of liquid that can be infused and offering tissue distension for better visualization and access. Epinephrine is included to reduce bleeding by causing vasoconstriction of the blood vessels, thereby minimizing the amount of blood loss during the procedure. Bicarbonate may be added to the formula to neutralize the acidity of the lidocaine, making the injection more comfortable for the patient.

Given these components, the option that is described as NOT an ingredient in the tumescent anesthesia recipe relates specifically to one that does not fulfill a role typically associated with tumescent anesthesia. In this case, it would be neither the lidocaine, normal saline, nor epinephrine, but rather, a